Kusankha chithandizo chapamwamba ndi vuto lomwe wokonza aliyense amakumana nalo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chilipo, ndipo wopanga mapangidwe apamwamba sayenera kungoganizira za chuma ndi zochitika zomwe zimapangidwira, komanso kumvetsera ndondomeko ya msonkhano komanso ngakhale zofunikira za chilengedwe. Pansipa pali mawu oyambira achidule a zokutira zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potengera mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi, kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri a fastener.
1. Electrogalvanizing
Zinc ndiye zokutira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazomangira zamalonda. Mtengo wake ndi wotchipa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo zobiriwira zakuda ndi zankhondo. Komabe, machitidwe ake odana ndi dzimbiri ndi pafupifupi, ndipo ntchito yake yolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndiyotsika kwambiri pakati pa zigawo za zinc plating (zopaka). Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa kwachitsulo chosalowerera ndale kwazitsulo zopangira malata kumachitika mkati mwa maola 72, ndipo othandizira osindikiza apadera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti mayeso opopera amchere osalowerera ndale amakhala kwa maola opitilira 200. Komabe, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo, womwe ndi nthawi 5-8 kuposa zitsulo wamba malata.
Njira yopangira ma electrogalvanizing imakonda kukhala ndi hydrogen embrittlement, kotero mabawuti opitilira giredi 10.9 nthawi zambiri samathandizidwa ndi malata. Ngakhale kuti haidrojeni ikhoza kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo itatha plating, filimu yodutsa idzawonongeka pa kutentha pamwamba pa 60 ℃, kotero kuchotsa haidrojeni kuyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo pa electroplating ndi isanayambe passivation. Izi sizikuyenda bwino komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Zowonadi, zopanga zambiri sizimachotsa hydrogen pokhapokha ngati zalamulidwa ndi makasitomala enieni.
Kugwirizana pakati pa torque ndi mphamvu yomangika ya zomangira malata ndikochepera komanso kosakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza magawo ofunikira. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kusasinthika kwa torque preload, njira yopaka mafuta odzola pambuyo popaka ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwongolera ndi kupititsa patsogolo kusasinthika kwa torque preload.
2. Phosphating
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti phosphating ndiyotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi galvanizing, koma kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi koipa kuposa kupangira malata. Pambuyo pa phosphating, mafuta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha phosphating, kupaka mafuta oletsa dzimbiri ndikuyesa kusalowerera ndale kwa mchere kwa maola 10-20 okha. Kupaka mafuta oletsa dzimbiri apamwamba kumatha kutenga maola 72-96. Koma mtengo wake ndi 2-3 nthawi ya mafuta ambiri phosphating.
Pali mitundu iwiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya phosphating zomangira, zinc based phosphating ndi manganese based phosphating. Zinc yochokera ku phosphating imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopaka mafuta kuposa phosphating ya manganese, ndipo phosphating yochokera ku manganese imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuvala kuposa plating ya zinki. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha koyambira 225 mpaka 400 madigiri Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Makamaka kugwirizana kwa zigawo zina zofunika. Monga kulumikiza ndodo zomangira ndi mtedza wa injini, mutu wa silinda, chonyamulira chachikulu, mabawuti a flywheel, mabawuti amagudumu ndi mtedza, etc.
Maboti amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phosphating, yomwe imatha kupewanso zovuta za hydrogen embrittlement. Chifukwa chake, mabawuti opitilira giredi 10.9 m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a phosphating pamwamba.
3. Oxidation (kuda)
Blackening +oiling ndi zokutira zodziwika bwino zamafakitale chifukwa ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka bwino musanamwe mafuta. Chifukwa chakuda kwake, ilibe mphamvu yoletsa dzimbiri, kotero imachita dzimbiri mwachangu popanda mafuta. Ngakhale pamaso pa mafuta, mayeso opopera mchere amatha maola 3-5 okha.
4. Electroplating kugawa
Cadmium plating ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino kwambiri, makamaka m'malo am'mlengalenga am'madzi, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena apamtunda. Mtengo wochizira zinyalala pakupanga cadmium ya electroplating ndi wokwera, ndipo mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi 15-20 kuposa wa electroplating zinki. Chifukwa chake sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale wamba, kokha m'malo enieni. Zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mafuta ndi ndege za HNA.
5. Chromium plating
Chophimba cha chromium chimakhala chokhazikika kwambiri mumlengalenga, osati chophweka kusintha mtundu ndikutaya kuwala, ndipo chimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukana kuvala bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito chromium plating pa zomangira nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokongoletsa. Simagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi zofunika kwambiri zokana dzimbiri, chifukwa zomangira zabwino za chrome ndizokwera mtengo mofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pokhapokha ngati mphamvu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ili yosakwanira, zomangira za chrome zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake.
Pofuna kupewa dzimbiri, mkuwa ndi faifi tambala ziyenera kukutidwa kaye musanayambe plating ya chrome. Chophimba cha chromium chimatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri 1200 Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Koma palinso vuto la hydrogen embrittlement, mofanana ndi electrogalvanizing.
6. Nickel plating
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madera omwe amafunikira anti-corrosion ndi conductivity yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, malo otuluka a mabatire agalimoto.
7. Kuthirira kotentha-kuviika
Hot dip galvanizing ndi ❖ kuyanika kwa zinki komwe kumatenthedwa kukhala madzi. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 15 mpaka 100 μm. Ndipo sikophweka kulamulira, koma ali ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya. Pa nthawi yotentha ya dip galvanizing, pamakhala kuipitsidwa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zinki zinyalala ndi nthunzi wa nthaka.
Chifukwa cha kupaka wandiweyani, zapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kukoka ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja mu zomangira. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha-kuviika galvanizing processing, sangathe ntchito fasteners pamwamba kalasi 10.9 (340 ~ 500 ℃).
8. Zinc kulowa
Kulowetsedwa kwa Zinc ndi zokutira zolimba zazitsulo zazitsulo za zinc ufa. Kufanana kwake ndikwabwino, ndipo wosanjikiza wofanana ukhoza kupezeka mu ulusi ndi mabowo akhungu. makulidwe a Plating ndi 10-110 μm. Ndipo cholakwikacho chikhoza kuwongoleredwa pa 10%. Mphamvu zake zomangirira ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi gawo lapansi ndizabwino kwambiri zokutira zinki (monga electrogalvanizing, hot-dip galvanizing, ndi Dacromet). Kachitidwe kake kamene kamakhala kosaipitsa komanso koteteza zachilengedwe.
9. Dacromet
Palibe vuto la hydrogen embrittlement, ndipo torque preload consstency performance ndiyabwino kwambiri. Popanda kuganizira za chromium ndi zachilengedwe, Dacromet ndiyomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pazitsulo zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zotsutsana ndi kutu.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-19-2023
