Kusankha njira yochizira pamwamba ndi vuto lomwe wopanga aliyense amakumana nalo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya njira zochizira pamwamba zomwe zilipo, ndipo wopanga wapamwamba sayenera kungoganizira za ndalama ndi momwe kapangidwe kake kamagwirira ntchito, komanso kusamala momwe kamangidwira komanso zofunikira pa chilengedwe. Pansipa pali mawu oyamba afupikitsa a zophimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangira kutengera mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuti akatswiri ochizira azigwiritsa ntchito.
1. Kuyika magaloni m'magetsi
Zinc ndiye chophimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangira zamalonda. Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ikuphatikizapo zakuda ndi zobiriwira zankhondo. Komabe, mphamvu zake zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi zapakati, ndipo mphamvu zake zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndizochepa kwambiri pakati pa zigawo za zinc plating (coating). Nthawi zambiri, mayeso a neutral salt spray a galvanized steel amachitidwa mkati mwa maola 72, ndipo zomangira zapadera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti mayeso a neutral salt spray amatha kwa maola opitilira 200. Komabe, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo, womwe ndi nthawi 5-8 kuposa chitsulo wamba cha galvanized.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi imapangitsa kuti hydrogen iwonongeke mosavuta, kotero mabotolo opitilira kalasi 10.9 nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi. Ngakhale kuti hydrogen imatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni mutamaliza kuikira, filimu yoikira imawonongeka kutentha kopitilira 60 ℃, kotero kuchotsa hydrogen kuyenera kuchitika mutaikira magetsi komanso musanaike magetsi. Izi sizikugwira ntchito bwino komanso zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zokonzera. M'malo mwake, mafakitale ambiri opanga zinthu sachotsa hydrogen pokhapokha ngati makasitomala enaake alamula.
Kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu ya torque ndi mphamvu yomangika ya zomangira za galvanized ndi koipa komanso kosakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zigawo zofunika. Pofuna kukonza kukhazikika kwa torque preload, njira yophikira zinthu zopaka mafuta pambuyo poyika plating ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukonza ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa torque preload.
2. Phosphating
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti phosphoring ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa galvanizing, koma kukana kwake dzimbiri n'koipa kuposa galvanizing. Pambuyo pa phosphoring, mafuta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kukana kwake dzimbiri kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa phosphoring, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oletsa dzimbiri komanso kuchita mayeso a salt spray kwa maola 10-20 okha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oletsa dzimbiri apamwamba kungatenge maola 72-96. Koma mtengo wake ndi wowirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa mafuta oletsa phosphoring.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya phosphating yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangira, phosphating yochokera ku zinc ndi phosphating yochokera ku manganese. Phosphating yochokera ku zinc imakhala ndi mafuta abwino kuposa phosphating yochokera ku manganese, ndipo phosphating yochokera ku manganese imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka kuposa zinc plating. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kuyambira madigiri 225 mpaka 400 Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Makamaka polumikiza zinthu zina zofunika. Monga ma bolts olumikizira ndodo ndi mtedza wa injini, mutu wa silinda, main bearing, ma flywheel bolts, ma wheel bolts ndi mtedza, ndi zina zotero.
Maboluti amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phosphating, zomwe zingapewenso mavuto a hydrogen embrittlement. Chifukwa chake, maboluti opitilira giredi 10.9 m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phosphate surface treatment.
3. Kusungunuka kwa okosijeni (kupangitsa kuti khungu lizioneka lakuda)
Kupaka mafuta akuda + ndi njira yotchuka yopangira zinthu zomangira mafakitale chifukwa ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo imawoneka bwino isanagwiritsidwe ntchito mafuta. Chifukwa cha kufiira kwake, ilibe mphamvu yoletsa dzimbiri, kotero imatha kuchita dzimbiri mwachangu popanda mafuta. Ngakhale pakakhala mafuta, kuyesa kwa mchere kumatha kungokhala kwa maola 3-5 okha.
4. Kugawa kwa electroplating
Kupaka kwa cadmium kumakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi mlengalenga wa m'nyanja, poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochizira pamwamba. Mtengo wochizira madzi otayira pogwiritsa ntchito electroplating cadmium ndi wokwera, ndipo mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi nthawi 15-20 kuposa wa zinc pogwiritsa ntchito electroplating. Chifukwa chake sichigwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale wamba, koma m'malo enaake okha. Zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mafuta ndi ndege za HNA.
5. Chophimba cha Chromium
Chophimba cha chromium chimakhala chokhazikika kwambiri mumlengalenga, sichimasintha mtundu mosavuta ndikutaya kuwala, ndipo chimakhala cholimba kwambiri komanso cholimba kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito chromium plating pa zomangira nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokongoletsera. Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, chifukwa zomangira zabwino zomangira za chrome zimakhala zodula mofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri siili yokwanira, zomangira zomangira za chrome zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake.
Pofuna kupewa dzimbiri, mkuwa ndi nickel ziyenera kuyikidwa kaye musanayambe kuyika chrome. Chophimba cha chromium chimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa madigiri 1200 Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Koma palinso vuto la kuphulika kwa haidrojeni, mofanana ndi electrogalvanizing.
6. Chophimba cha nikeli
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo omwe amafunika kuletsa dzimbiri komanso kuyendetsa bwino magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, malo otulutsira mabatire agalimoto.
7. Kuthira ndi madzi otentha
Kupaka galvanizing kotentha ndi utoto wothira zinc wotenthedwa ndi madzi. Kukhuthala kwake kuli pakati pa 15 ndi 100 μ m. Ndipo sikophweka kulamulira, koma kumalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya. Pa nthawi yopaka galvanizing kotentha, pamakhala kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo zinyalala za zinc ndi nthunzi ya zinc.
Chifukwa cha kupindika kwake kokhuthala, kwayambitsa mavuto pakukoka ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja mu zomangira. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa processing ya hot-dip galvanizing, singagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zomangira zopitirira kalasi 10.9 (340~500 ℃).
8. Kulowa kwa zinki
Kulowa kwa zinc ndi chophimba cholimba cha kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ufa wa zinc. Kufanana kwake ndi kwabwino, ndipo gawo lofanana lingapezeke mu ulusi ndi mabowo akhungu. Kukhuthala kwa pulasitala ndi 10-110 μ m. Ndipo cholakwikacho chikhoza kulamulidwa pa 10%. Mphamvu yake yolumikizirana ndi magwiridwe antchito oletsa dzimbiri ndi substrate ndi zabwino kwambiri pakuphimba zinc (monga electrogalvanizing, hot-dip galvanizing, ndi Dacromet). Njira yake yopangira ndi yopanda kuipitsa chilengedwe komanso yoteteza chilengedwe.
9. Dacromet
Palibe vuto la hydrogen embrittlement, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a torque preload ndi abwino kwambiri. Popanda kuganizira za chromium ndi mavuto azachilengedwe, Dacromet ndiye yoyenera kwambiri pa zomangira zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi dzimbiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-19-2023
